UnCovered Review by Frank Tomasello, ACLS Mays Landing Branch
It is indeed ironic that it took a British born and educated biographer to produce one of the most insightful books I have read concerning the beginning of the U.S. Civil War in the more than two decades I have been studying this war; LINCOLN VS. DAVIS by Nigel Hamilton. Most are familiar with the way the war was waged in the first year and a half, but few that I have seen delve into the “whys.” More specifically, how was the underdog Confederacy able to achieve so many victories against a better equipped and better financed Union army which fielded armies two to three times the size of those of the Confederacy? Author Hamilton went digging for the answer, which he found in the letters and diaries of various contemporaries, including Lincoln’s own cabinet members.
The situation that Lincoln faced upon assuming the Presidency was dire and perhaps the most challenging any U.S. President has ever faced. As becomes clear in this book, Lincoln was simply not up to the task. Worse yet, Lincoln knew he was in over his head (at least at the beginning of the war) and that affected his handling of it. He had virtually no military experience and scant political experience and attempted to govern by consensus. Unfortunately, those from whom he sought consensus had conflicting interests of their own.
In this dual biography, the same treatment is given the governance of Jefferson Davis, president of the Confederacy. In some ways, Davis was the polar opposite of Lincoln. Davis was a born soldier. He had been a hero in the Mexican War of the 1840s, and parlayed that into seats in the U.S. House of Representatives and the U.S. Senate and to the position of Secretary of War in the administration of President Franklin Pierce. Unfortunately, Davis was more the soldier and less the politician.
Neither President was truly up to the task that faced them in the early years of the Civil War and relied upon their generals (McClellan for Lincoln and Lee for Davis). Further complicating matters was the pressure brought to bear by “Fire-eater” extremist pro-slavery advocates and “Radical” abolitionists. These interests were balanced against the desire of both sides to win the allegiance of the “border states” (non-aligned slave-holding states).
Sadly, all of these factors led to a protracted bloody struggle for the soul of our nation. This book brings into sharp focus the early missteps that made that so. I highly recommend this book to anyone already interested in this period of U.S. history.